Our One Common Country (58 page)

241.
Paper money was trading at sixty to one:
See Akins, p. 105.

241–242.
The Confederacy's desperate military condition: See Grimsley and Simpson, pp. 40–48.

242.
His son would soon be killed:
Nathaniel C. Hughes,
Bentonville: The Final Battle of Sherman and Johnston
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996), pp. 188–204.

243.
Campbell presented his report:
Campbell,
Reminiscences,
p. 31.

243.
“longer than we had reason to anticipate”: OR,
ser. 1, vol. 46, part 2, pp. 1295–96; Campbell,
Reminiscences,
p. 34.

243.
The other reports were as grim:
“Resources of the Confederacy in February 1865,” 2
Southern Historical Society Papers
(July–December, 1876), pp. 56–128. See Campbell,
Reminiscences,
pp. 35–36; Campbell, “Open Letters,” p. 952.

243.
“I was advised by Senator Graham”:
Campbell, “Hampton Roads Conference,”
Southern Magazine,
p. 188; Campbell,
Reminiscences,
pp. 37–38.

243.
a party that “knows not when it is beaten”: Id.,
pp. 36–37.

243.
The governor should be prepared:
Connor, p. 174.

243.
His own right arm was in a sling:
William Marvel,
Lee's Last Retreat: The Flight to Appomattox
(Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1980) (“Marvel”), p. 7.

243.
his cousin Julia Dent; Longstreet was one of three fellow officers:
Carol K. Bleser and Lesley J. Gordon,
Intimate Strategies of the Civil War: Military Commanders and Their Wives
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), p. 125.

243.
in contact only in battle:
James Longstreet,
From Manassas to Appomattox
(Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1896) (“Longstreet”), pp. 16–18.

243.
another friend of Longstreet's:
Smith,
Grant,
p. 391; McFeely, p. 209.

244.
Ord's meeting with Longstreet: Longstreet, pp. 583–87 and 647–49; Grant's Papers, vol. 14, pp. 63–64.

244.
Then he wired his wife at Lynchburg:
Porter,
Grant,
p. 391.

244.
according to
Porter, it was Longstreet's idea: Id.,
pp. 391–92.

244.
Julia Grant stepped . . . into her husband's office:
See Julia Grant, p. 140–41.

245.
Longstreet and Lee were called to Richmond:
Longstreet, p. 584.

245.
Correspondence between Ord and Grant: Grant's papers, vol. 14, pp. 63–64.

245.
Ord's second meeting with Longstreet:
Id.;
Longstreet, p. 585.

245–246.
Lee's note to Grant:
OR,
ser. 1, vol. 46, pt. 2, p. 824.

246.
he ordered a subordinate to tell Longstreet
: Id.,
p. 813.

246.
Grant's wire to Stanton:
Id.,
p. 802.

246.
he spoke not a word and wrote a dispatch:
Nicolay and Hay, p. 158.

246.
An alternate account:
Carpenter, pp. 265–66, quoting
The Boston Commonwealth
newspaper.

246.
The President directs me to say: OR,
ser. 1, vol. 46, pt. 2, p. 802.

246–247.
“I will add that General Ord's conduct”:
Id.

247.
“exact severe terms”:
Welles Diary, vol. 2, p. 269.

247.
also known as Unconditional Surrender Grant:
See Dana,
Recollections,
p. 95.

247.
resented Lincoln's pardons of deserters:
Randall and Current, p. 350. Like others, Welles saw Lincoln's anguish for condemned prisoners as a weakness (Welles Diary, vol. 2, p. 207). See Stoddard, pp. 186–87.

247.
Stoneman never forgot the look
:
Hay Diary, p. 306, n. 78.

247.
“You may say to General Longstreet”: OR,
ser. 1, vol. 46, pt. 2, p. 830.

247.
“I have no authority”: OR,
ser. 1, vol. 46, pt. 2, p. 825.

247.
“I can assure you that no act”: OR,
ser. 1, vol. 46, pt. 2, p. 823–24.

248.
“the enemy had a purpose”: OR,
ser. 1, vol. 46, pt. 2, p. 841.

248.
“and make our people desperate”
:
Kean, p. 203.

248.
[Lincoln] was bent on luring the South back in a reconciling mood before Congress could stop him:
See, e.g., Welles, “Lincoln and Johnson,” p. 526.

248.
“The Senate, it is now said”:
Gorgas, p. 174.

248.
Hill assembled an array:
Hill, p. 290.

249.
“Columbia is but dust and ashes”:
Chesnut, p. 358.

249.
Davis's conference with Lee: Davis,
Rise and Fall,
vol. 2, pp. 648–49.

249.
Lee had to change his plans; Davis approved the disaster-delaying plan: Id.,
p. 649.

249.
Sarah Pryor's husband:
Pryor,
Reminiscences
, pp. 39, 119; Sandburg, vol. 6, p. 130; John C. Waugh,
Surviving the Confederacy: Rebellion, Ruin, and Recovery; Roger and Sarah Pryor during the Civil War
(New York: Harcourt, 2002), p. 55; David J. Eicher,
The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War
(New York: Simon and Schuster, 2001), pp. 30–31.

250.
John Yates Beall: Issac Markens, “President Lincoln and the Case of John Yates Beall,” privately printed, 1911, available at www.archive.org/stream/presidentlincolnmark_djvu.txt.

250.
Lincoln's meeting with Pryor and his friends: Pryor,
Reminiscences,
pp. 340–41.

250.
They tried me every way:
Sandburg, vol. 6, pp. 132–33.

 

CHAPTER 24

251.
William Cabell Rives:
Alexander Brown,
The Cabells and Their Kin
(Richmond: Garrett and Massie, 1939);
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress,
www.bioguidecongress.gov; Escott, p. 149.

251.
“true policy required us to close the war”:
Quoted in Ballard, p. 21.

251.
he had long supported Davis:
Foote,
Casket of Remembrances,
p. 304.

251.
had recently resigned, pleading age and ill health: Journal of the Congress,
p. 674.

251.
Rives's resolution: In Campbell,
Reminiscences,
pp. 33–34, Campbell recounts his approach to Rives and reproduces the resolution Rives drafted.

251.
Davis would ignore it: Id.,
p. 33.

252.
Davis's message to Congress: Reproduced in Campbell,
Reminiscences,
pp. 44–54.

252.
Davis gathered in his office; “He was a soldier”;
Virginia stood ready:
Goode, p. 112.

252.
“the cup of humiliation”:
Quoted in Rhodes, vol. 5, p. 81.

252.
Congress had abandoned its post:
Pollard, p. 457.

253.
a Senate committee lashed back:
The committee's report is in Campbell,
Reminiscences,
pp. 54–65.

253.
As late as 1957:
Yearns, “Peace Movement,” p. 18.

253.
“an amalgam of malice and mediocrity”:
Pollard, p. 162.

253.
“reconcile me to death”; postpone reading it:
Jones, vol. 2, p. 452.

253.
“in high disfavor”:
Kean, p. 205.

253.
a captured blockade runner:
Temple, p. 27.

253.
“he is much worn down”:
Welles Diary, vol. 2, p. 264.

253.
“He had leapt at the chance”:
Randall and Current, p. 344.

253.
to shadow the commander in chief: CW,
vol. 8, pp. 372–73 n. 1.

254.
“he was almost willing to hand them a blank sheet of paper”:
Grant, vol. 2, p. 422.

254.
General Gordon's discussion with Lee: Gordon, pp. 386–93; Benjamin LaBree, ed.,
Campfires of the Confederacy
(Louisville: Courier-Journal Job Printing Company, 1898), pp. 450–51.

254.
attack on Fort Stedman:
Foote, vol. 3, pp. 842–44.

254.
Hartranft and Gordon called a truce:
Bolton, p. 251.

254.
shattered legs and thighs: Id.,
255.

255.
Douglas's exchange with Hartranft: Douglas, p. 329.

255.
Lincoln, Grant, Sherman, and Porter on the
River Queen:
Sherman, vol. 2, pp. 324–31; Porter,
Incidents,
pp. 313–17; Grimsley and Simpson, p. 91; Randall and Current, p. 351;
New York Daily Tribune
, September 13, 1885.

255.
a conversation that never happened:
Julia Grant, pp. 137–38.

256.
“Mr. Davis gave me a pistol”:
Varina Davis, vol. 2, p. 577.

256.
Davis had proclaimed that:
Quoted in
Richmond Examiner,
February 27, 1865, quoted in
New York Times
, March 2, 1865.

257.
“simply a measure of prudence”; the Frenchman could not tell:
Furgurson, p. 321.

257.
a frantic afternoon; smiled and waved:
Ballard, p. 45; Wise, p. 415.

257.
every senior Confederate official but one:
Dana,
Recollections,
pp. 265–66; Donald, p. 577; Randall and Current, p. 347.

257.
“heavy hearts and light luggage”:
Welles Diary, vol. 2, p. 275.

257.
“renew my obligations”:
Connor, p. 174.

257.
His son, two sons-in-law, and a nephew
:
Campbell,
Recollections,
p. 4.

257.
“I could only await the ruin”:
Quoted in Connor,
Campbell,
p. 174.

257.
“suspiciously like a dirty tablecloth”:
Cadwalader, p. 310.

257.
“a forlorn body”:
Pryor,
Reminiscences
, pp. 361–62.

257–258.
The burning of Richmond: R. S. Ewell, “Evacuation of Richmond,” 13
Southern Historical Society Papers
(1885), pp. 247–52; Furgurson, pp. 331–36; Ballard, pp. 46–49.

258.
When the victors marched in; In the words of a Rebel officer:
Bill, p. 273–78; Furgurson, pp. 336–42.

258.
“could not be made to understand”:
Phoebe Yates Pember and Irvin Wiley Bell, ed.,
A Southern Woman's Story: Life in Confederate Richmond
(Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1959) (“Pember”), pp. ix and 79–82; Jones Diary, vol. 2, p. 470.

258.
“We have now entered upon a new phase”:
Pollard, p. 510.

259.
“I walked around the burnt district”:
Jones, vol. 2, p. 470.

259.
General Weitzel's background: Godfrey Weitzel,
Richmond Occupied
(Richmond, VA: Richmond Civil War Centennial Committee, 1965) (“Weitzel”), p. 62; Henry A. Ford and Kate Ford,
History of Cincinnati, Ohio
(Cleveland: L. A. Williams & Co., 1881), pp. 137–38; www.Cincinnaticwrt.org.

259.
some 25,000 citizens of Richmond had no food:
Bill, p. 285.

259.
Weitzel ordered rations distributed:
Dana,
Recollections,
p. 266.

259.
Early that morning, Judge Campbell went over:
Campbell,
Recollections,
pp. 5–6.

259.
Lincoln's visit to Richmond:
New York Herald,
April 9, 1865; Winik, pp. 118–20; Furgurson, pp. 341–44; Donald, pp. 576–77; Porter,
Incidents
, pp. 294–309;
New York Times,
April 8, 1865.

260.
“I'd let 'em up easy”:
Weitzel, p. 56.

260.
Escorted by Admiral Porter:
Porter,
Incidents,
p. 302; Bill, p. 279.

260.
When Stanton learned:
Thomas and Hyman, p. 353; Flower, p. 270.

260.
Having heard of Weitzel's largesse:
Dana,
Recollections,
p. 266.

260.
Weitzel ordered rations distributed; “under what authority”:
Weitzel, p. 57.

261.
An “acre of blood”:
Quoted in Winik, p. 115.

261.
the Whig reopened:
Jones, vol. 2, p. 471;
New York Times,
April 8, 1865.

261.
“A staff officer came for me”:
Campbell,
Recollections,
p. 6.

261.
Northern newspapermen noticed:
Myrta Lockett Avary,
Dixie After the War
(New York: Doubleday Page & Co., 1906) (“Avary,
Dixie
”), p. 36.