B00BY4HXME EBOK (47 page)

and foreign currency earning enterprises,
87
–88

with Soviet Union,
73
,
76
,
88

Trade Union organization,
40

transportation

industry,
85
–86

infrastructure,
77
,
85
–86

travel

to China,
90
–91,
123

in Kim Il Sung era,
37
–38,
89

in Kim Jong Il era,
90
–91,
93
,
113

permit system,
37
–38,
89
,
113

post-unification,
244

to Pyongyang,
38
,
89
,
113

trials.
See
political persecution

Tunisia,
194
,
207

unification

Chinese views of,
181

early struggles over,
9
–10,
27
–32

education system,
246

employment concerns,
237
–40,
245
,
246

financial vulnerabilities,
241
–42

Germany as precedent,
160
,
163
,
234

and Kim-era elite,
247
,
248
–50

and Kim family,
251

Kim Il Sung’s support for,
27
–28

and Land Reform Law,
240
–41,
244
–45

military issues,
71
–72,
242
,
245

mitigating negative consequences,
243
–51

North-South Joint Communiqué,
31

politics under,
246
–48

possible future scenarios,
195
–96,
234
–35,
237
–42

potential benefits,
235

potential costs,
160
,
162
,
235
–37,
246

provisional confederation period,
243
–46

real estate,
240
–41,
244
–45

refugee issues in,
99

Second Korean War,
28
–29

Sunshine Policy,
163
–65

support by South Korean Left,
29
–30,
160

waning South Korean interest in,
158
,
160
–62,
163
,
198
,
237

United Nations,
200

United States

academic exchanges,
217
–18

anti-American propaganda,
56
,
57
–58

Cold War,
3
,
75

diplomatic relations with North Korea,
146
,
151
–52,
154
–55,
176
–77,
210
–12

diplomatic relations with South Korea,
148
,
157
,
158

foreign aid to North Korea,
151
–52,
155
,
157
,
164
,
172

journalists held by North Korea,
176
–77

Korean War,
11
–12

Patriot Act,
154

on Soviet takeover of Korea,
2
,
3
,
10

“strategic patience” strategy,
177
,
210
–12

UN Security Council,
156
,
176

uranium enrichment program,
153
–54,
179

Vietnam

Communism,
75
,
110

as developmental dictatorship,
110

economic growth,
110

economic reforms,
75
,
110
,
112
–13

famine,
110

farm collectives,
37

partition,
28

See also
South Vietnam; Vietnam War

Vietnam War,
28

Vinen, Richard,
114

“Vision 3000” plan,
174
–75

Voice of America,
44
,
226

wages.
See
employment

Walesa, Lech,
226

Wen, Jiabao,
176

West Germany

Eastern bloc refugees,
96

per capita income,
160

and unification,
160
,
163
,
234

West, Loraine,
79

women

clothing restrictions,
90
,
223

in Communist party,
24
–26

concubinage,
25

employment opportunities,
24
–26,
37
,
83
–84

and marriage,
26
,
37
,
40
,
83

in private enterprise,
83
–84

property rights,
25

and Women’s Union,
40

Women’s Union,
40

Wonsan, N.K.,
1
–2

World Cup,
107
–08

World Food Program (WFP),
153

World Health Organization,
64

Yakovlev, Alexandr,
218

Yalu River hydropower,
69

Yang, Bin,
171
,
172

Yeongpyeong Island,
179

Yim, Kyong-hun,
120

Yi, S
ŭ
ng-y
ŏ
p,
14

Yi, Y
ŏ
ng-guk,
91

Yongbyon, N.K.,
147
,
253

Yonsei University,
246

The birth of the regime: Kim Il Sung and General Ivan Chistiakov, 1947 (Russian State Archive of Film and Photo Documents, 0-216988)

Voting on the first North Korean elections, 1947 (Russian State Archive of Film and Photo Documents, 0-216991)

North Korea in the late 1940s: portrait of young Kim Il Sung, above the slogan, “Long live the liberator of small nations Generalissimo Stalin!” (Russian State Archive of Film and Photo Documents, 0-216883)

A US air raid, Pyongyang, 1950 (Russian State Archive of Film and Photo Documents, 0-232460)

Ruins of Sinuiju, 1951 (Russian State Archive of Film and Photo Documents, 1-7677)

Pyongyang street in 1985 (Photo by Sergei Kurbanov, author’s collection)

Pyongyang street in 2005 (Photo by author)