A Counterfeiter's Paradise (53 page)

Read, George, 86

Reformer,
27

Reid, John, 123

Remington and Sons, 235

Revolutionary War, 82–85, 240, 251

Rhode Island, 51–52

counterfeit currency of, 39–42, 44–45, 49, 51–52, 54, 64, 69

paper money printed by, 41, 69, 80, 102

Providence, 38–46, 69

Richardson, John, 219–20, 221

Richmond, Va., 204–6, 209, 218–21, 223–24

wartime conditions in, 224

Richmond Daily Dispatch,
205, 207, 210, 219

Riddle, Samuel, 121, 122, 124, 125, 126

Ridgefield, Conn., 67–68, 73

Rio de Janeiro, 199

Rodney, Caesar, 150–51

Rogers, Robert, 56–64

Rogers’ Rangers, 63

Roosevelt, Franklin D., 254

Sacramento, Calif., 190–91

Sacramento Transcript,
190–91

St. Lawrence River, 109

St. Louis, Mo., 247

Salem, N.Y., 66, 67

Sanford, David, 66–69, 75

San Francisco, Calif., 188, 189, 234

Committee of Vigilance in, 241, 242

-Sea-Flower,
29–30

Second Bank of the United States, 130–32, 133, 141, 161–63, 165–68, 170, 176, 182, 238, 253

Second Confiscation Act, 222

Secret Service, 1–2, 6, 245–49, 250, 252, 255

creation of, 2, 245, 246

criminal records of members of, 247

servants, indentured, on transatlantic journeys, 28, 30–31

Seward, William H., 180, 211, 212, 241, 242

Shays, Daniel, 85

Shelley, Mary, 127

Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 127

Shepard, William, 101, 154–55

Sherman, John, 237–39

Sherman, William Tecumseh, 209, 234, 237

shinplasters, 206, 207, 216–17

Shipman, William Davis, 248

Shirley, William, 19, 32–33, 49, 62

Shoaff, James, 117–18

silver, 3, 4, 17, 19, 20–24, 36, 52, 80, 83, 86, 87, 103, 106, 110, 112, 130, 131, 168, 200, 202, 213–15

see also
coins, coinage

Simmons (German immigrant), 142–43

Sinnemahoning Creek, 153–54, 155, 156

slavery, 197, 199, 200, 210, 222

abolitionists and, 197, 198, 199, 200

Emancipation Proclamation and, 222, 226

Second Confiscation Act and, 222

Smith, James, 113

Snyder, Simon, 111

“Song of the Argonauts; or, the Days of’-Forty-nine” (Upham), 234

South, 198–99

economy of, 210

secession of, 198, 199, 202, 214

tensions between North and, 196–97

see also
Confederate States of America

South Carolina, 4, 198, 202

Spanish settlers, 3

Spaulding, Elbridge, 237

specie,
see
coins, coinage

Specie Circular, 168–69

speculators, 105–6, 130, 132, 145, 165, 168, 185, 210, 216, 252

spurious money, 115

spying, 241–42, 246

Stamp Act, 81, 82

Stanton, Edwin M., 211, 212, 230, 231

state banks, 106–7, 133, 161–65, 167–69, 236–39, 253

states’ rights, 197, 214, 216, 238

steam engine, 234

Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 223

Stephens, Nicholas, 38, 39, 41–45, 59, 246

Stevens, Thaddeus, 215, 237

Stockton, Calif., 189

stone lithography, 217, 227, 229

Sullivan, Owen, 6, 12–16, 25–37, 38–48, 53–60, 63–65, 69–79, 87, 102, 114, 115, 134, 171, 179, 195, 196, 207, 235, 245, 249, 252

alcoholism of, 35–36, 58–59

aliases of, 64–65

amounts of money forged by, 12, 15

arrest and imprisonment of (1749), 12, 16, 17, 37, 39, 59

arrest and imprisonment of (1752), 39–44

Beecher’s capture of, 69–74

in Boston, 12–14, 37, 45–46

branding punishment of, 43

Cady and, 54

cave hideout of, 48, 71–72

childhood in Ireland, 26–27, 73

counterfeiting empire of, 16, 37, 41–42, 45–50

crew of, 48

criminal career of, 16, 44, 79

in Duchess County, 44, 45–50

early life of, 25–28

emigration to America, 28–31, 73

engraving technique of, 35, 37, 40, 45–46, 195–96

escapes by, 43–44

Franklin compared with, 63–64

Ide and, 55–56

indentured servitude of, 28, 30–32, 34, 73

leaflets about, 25–26, 78–79

marriage of, 35–36, 59

in Merrimack River area, 56–57, 58, 60, 69

metalworking learned by, 35, 37

in military, 34–36, 37

Munroe and, 54–55

New Hampshire currency plate made by, 12–13

Oblong headquarters of, 46–50

leaflets about, 25–26, 78–79

personality of, 28–29, 59, 68, 76–77

posthumous paper trail of, 78

in Providence, 38–46, 69

reputation of, 44–45, 46

reward for capture of, 69

Rogers and, 56–60, 63, 64

Sanford and, 66, 69, 75

Sanford compared with, 68

Stephens’s betrayal of, 39, 41–44, 59, 246

strategy of, 53–54, 64–65

temper of, 59

theatrics of, 44, 45, 46, 68

trial and execution of (1756), 73–79

trial and punishment of (1750), 14, 37

trial and punishment of (1752), 42–44, 45, 46

trust in, 6, 16, 79

voices heard by, 26

Sunday Mercury,
197–98, 203, 205

Supreme Court, 236

surveying, 95–97

Susquehanna River, 152, 155

Swift, Jonathan, 27

Talcahuano, 187–88

taxes, 4, 20, 36, 79, 81, 82–85, 112, 161, 177, 199, 251

Texas, 208

Thompson’s Bank Note Reporter,
195

tobacco, 3, 197

Townshend Acts, 81

toy money, 250

Treasury Department, 112, 131, 169, 199, 200–201, 216, 237, 242–43, 245, 248, 254

bonds and notes issued by, 112, 200–201, 213, 215, 216

Secret Service created by, 2, 245, 246

Treaty of -Aix-la-Chapelle, 61

Union Bank of Maryland, 116

United States Notes, 213, 253–54

Upham, Ann Eliza Bancroft, 182, 185

Upham, Charles Wentworth, 181

Upham, John, 181, 191

Upham, Marion, 182, 185

Upham, Sally, 180

Upham, Samuel, Sr., 180

Upham, Samuel Curtis, 6–7, 175–91, 233–35, 241, 250, 252

amount of counterfeit currency produced by, 232

book published by, 185–86, 234

in California, 180, 185–91, 193, 194, 234, 235

careers and businesses of, 177–79, 180, 182–83, 189–90, 233–34, 235

as chemist, 233

childhood of, 180, 181

counterfeit Confederate currency sold by, 7, 177, 178–79, 203, 204–11, 212, 220–21, 223, 225–28, 230, 232–33, 235, 242

death of, 235

family background of, 180–81

as gold prospector, 180, 182–89

illustrated envelopes printed by, 178

journal of, 183, 185–87, 190

marketing by, 206–7, 209, 210–11, 221, 223, 227, 233

newspaper work of, 190–91, 197–98, 205

personality of, 175, 179–80, 187

physical appearance of, 175

return to Philadelphia, 191, 193, 197

in Sacramento, 190–91

in San Francisco, 189, 190, 234

shops of, 176, 177–79, 233

slavery as viewed by, 199

song written by, 234

Upham, William, 180

Upper Canada, 98, 99

U.S. Army Rangers, 63

U.S. Mint, 103

Van Buren, Martin, 165

Vermont, 100, 182

Montpelier, 180, 181–82

Virginia, 61, 95, 182, 208, 242

Richmond,
see
Richmond, Va.

Wakeman, Abram, 230

Walker, Jonathan Hoge, 124

Wall Street, 130, 182, 192, 193, 194, 200, 256–57

Walnut Street Jail, 127–29, 131, 136, 148

wampum, 3

War of 1812, 91, 97–100, 107, 109–12, 130, 131, 144, 163, 238

War of the Austrian Succession, 32

King George’s War, 19, 32–37

Washington, D.C.:

British invasion of, 111, 130

Old Capitol Prison in, 243–45

Washington, George, 60–61, 84, 86, 95, 96, 104

commemoration of birthday of, 175–76

Farewell Address of, 175

Weare, Meshech, 58

Weekly Aurora,
141

Wentworth, Benning, 62

West, 163, 164, 167, 169, 238

expansion into, 91, 95, 96, 106, 112, 130, 161, 164, 171, 194

western paper, 116, 117

Westfield, Mass., 101

White House, 111

widows, 139, 141, 142

Wilson, Hill, 91–92, 93, 118–19, 121, 137

Wilton, Conn., 66

Winn, Benjamin, 58

Wisconsin, 170

Wisconsin Marine and Fire Insurance Company, 170

wolves, 47

Wood, William Patrick, 244–49